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Alopecia Areata

Burden of Alopecia Areata

Mode of Action

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterised by non-scarring hair loss1,2

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition1 which can occur at any age.2,3 In a UK population-matched cohort study, the incidence of AA peaked at 25–29 years, and the median age of diagnosis was 31 years for men and 34 years for women.2 The overall point prevalence of AA in adults in this study was 0.58% (95% CI: 0.57–0.59), people registered with their general practice who had active AA or who had had AA in the past).2 AA is characterised by non-scarring hair loss2 ; inflammation in the hair follicle leads to loss of the growing hair shaft.3

Hair loss may be limited to small patches on the scalp, but can affect any part of the body, including eyebrows, eyelashes and beard.4

The disease course is unpredictable1,3 and it is not possible to anticipate how much hair will be lost.4 In severe cases, patients can lose all the hair on their scalp (alopecia totalis) or body (alopecia universalis).4

Patients may also experience scalp sensations, poor thermoregulation, sunburn, and nail splitting and discolourisaton.5,6 Loss of eyelashes and nasal hair can lead to sweat, water and debris in eyes, and a runny nose and sneezing.6

    Burden of Alopecia Areata
    CI=confidence interval


    References:

    1. Davey L, Clarke V, Jenkinson E. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(6):1377-1389.
    2. Harries M. et al. Br J Dermatol. 2022;186(2):257-265
    3. Villasante Fricke A. et al. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:397-403 
    4. British Association of Dermatologists. Alopecia areata patient leaflet. 2020. Available at https://cdn.bad.org.uk/uploads/2022/06/15083605/Alopecia-Areata-Update-July-2020-Lay-reviewed-July-2020.pdf.(Accessed May 2025) 
    5. Aldhouse NVJ. et al. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2020;4(76)
    6. Mesinkovska N. et J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2020;20(1):S62-S68

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